The Civil Rights Movement Thurgood Marshall Law

Thurgood Marshall Law By Kai Jalen Nugent Throughout the 20th century, Thurgood Marshall blazed the trail for the Civil Rights Movement from two sides of the American Legal System, both as a lawyer, and as a Justice of the Supreme Court. Marshall’s initial rise to fame came as a result of his success as the head lawyer for the Brown family in Brown vs. The Board of Education. Later, Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court, making him the first ever African American Supreme Court Justice in American history. Overall, Marshall’s impact as a lawyer, a judge, and an activist, was essential to the Civil Rights Movement. Though there’s still a long, long way to go, without Marshall, American society, and its advancement in issues of civil rights and social justice would be, without a doubt, significantly behind where it is to this day. The African American Civil Rights Movement officially â€Å"began† in 1954, but the ideas of Civil Rights had been brewing since the end of the Civil War, and even earlier. The Civil Rights Movement was centered on the idea of the equal, fair, and constitutional treatment of African Americans in the United States. The movement features some of history’s most prominent figures, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks. Throughout the movement, activists utilized protests, marc hes, boycotts, and strikes in attempts to change public opinion and governmental action on African Americans. The movement succeeded in overturningShow MoreRelatedThurgood Mashall: A Major Influence on Law and Equality1139 Words   |  5 PagesThurgood Marshall: A Major Influence on Law and Equality â€Å"In one section, at least of our common country, a government of the people, by the people, and for the people means a government by the mob† (Hitzeroth and Leon 13). This is an excerpt from a newspaper article written by reporter Ida B. Wells-Barnett, who was reviewing the conditions in which the African Americans were being treated in the South during the early 1900s (Hitzeroth and Leon 12). Thurgood Marshall overcame discrimination byRead MoreThurgood Marshall Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesThurgood Marshall was a great African American Civil Rights activist who changed a lot of lives in the United States. As a passionate lawyer and prominent Supreme Court justice he fought for Civil Rights and social justice in the courts and believed that racial integration is best for all schools. Very early in his professional life Marshall broke down racial barriers and overcame resistance despite the odds. He then became a role model of the disciplined leader, although he didn’t have theRead MoreEssay about Biography of Thurgood Marshall1000 Words   |  4 Pageswas Thurgood Marshall Famous? Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908, in Baltimore, MD. He was born to his Mother Norma Marshall and Father William Marshall. In his lifetime he was a civil Right Activist, Lawyer, Circuit Court Judge Solicitor General, and a Supreme Justice. He died at the age 84 on January 24, 1993. He was married twice in his lifetime first to Vivien Buster Burey till her death in 1955 then to Cecilia Suyat till his death. He had two sons by his second wife Thurgood MarshallRead MoreThurgood Marshall Essay734 Words   |  3 PagesThurgood Marshall Thurgood Marshall was a rebel.(1) His method of activism differed from those of other civil rights leaders of the time. By addressing the courts and using his legal expertise, Marshall was able to have a more direct influence on society and the way government was treating blacks at the time. His use of the of the courts led to rulings that deemed the exclusion of blacks from primary elections, the use of racial profiling in terms of housing, the separate but equalRead MoreBrown V Board of Education: 19541597 Words   |  7 Pages a student who attended an extremely segregated all-black elementary school from a small town in Kansas called Topeka. The decision led to nationwide desegregation in educational and other institutions and gave impetus to the civil rights movement in America. Jim Crow laws kept the minorities (primarily African Americans) of this country in a very neglected and fearful state; this was the face of our country for decades. My family is primarily from the south, North Carolina and Virginia (DuringRead MoreThe American Dream1468 Words   |  6 Pageswere given little opportunity in society, until the civil rights era. This is where Thurgood Marshall came into play, Thurgood Marshall was the first African American supreme court justice. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland on July 2, 1908 and went to college at Howard University,Howard University School of Law, and Lincoln University. He was sworn in on October 2, 1967 and served in Seat 11 from October 1967 until October 1991. Thurgood Marshall enhanced the American Dream during his time servingRead MoreDetermination Of The Civil Rights Movement1325 Words   |  6 Pages Alexander Bradley Mr. Murray 4/26/16 Courage to Dissent By: Tomiko Brown-Nagin Courage to Dissent helps readers understanding of the Civil Rights movement. Brown-Nagin wrote about the issue that was going on during this time when it pertains to politics, housing, public accommodations, and schools. It highlighted major issue that was a problem in America but especially Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta at this time became a huge stomping ground for African American leaders becauseRead MoreThe Ethics Of Education And Three Ethical Challenges Educators757 Words   |  4 Pagescontributions to ethical practices in education and helped to address some of the several ethical challenges that face educators today. This paper serves to examine three contributors to ethics in education and three ethical challenges educators face. Thurgood Marshall, Tom Harkin, and James L. Buckley are three contributors that have made headway toward ethical treatment of students, and ethical challenges that educators’ face that were addressed through these contributors are diversity, d isabilities, andRead MoreThe Short Term Significance Of Thurgood Marshall1993 Words   |  8 PagesWhat was the short term significance of Thurgood Marshall in 1947-1967? Thurgood Marshall was significant as he was the first African-American to be appointed a position in the U.S Supreme Court, in 1967. His significance to civil rights is evident between 1947 and 1967, in one contemporary newspaper he was even referred to as â€Å"Mr Civil Rights†. In 1947-1961 Thurgood worked as the NAACP’s lawyer, where he argued his most famous cases – Brown v Topeka (1954) and Browder v Gayle (1956). FurthermoreRead MoreThe Chicano And Black Civil Rights Movement1610 Words   |  7 PagesA significant struggle during the Chicano and Black Civil rights movement was employment, and discrimination in the workplace. First, a case pertaining to this issue during the Chicano movement was Bernal v. Fainter in the year 1984. This was a case where the Supreme Court of the United States  «Ã‚  ruled that the Equal Protection Clause prohibited the state of Texas from barring noncitizens from applying for commission as a notary public. » The result of this case came about, as the court realized,

Defining Freedom in Eric Foners The Story of American...

In Eric Foner’s book, The Story of American Freedom, he writes a historical monograph about how liberty came to be. In the book, his argument does not focus on one fixed definition of freedom like others are tempted to do. Unlike others, Foner describes liberty as an ever changing entity; its definition is fluid and does not change in a linear progress. While others portray liberty as a pre-determined concept and gradually getting better, Foner argues the very history of liberty is constantly reshaping the definition of liberty, itself. Essentially, the multiple and conflicting views on liberty has always been a â€Å"terrain of conflict† and has changed in time (Foner xv). Foner focuses, specifically, on how the definition of liberty has been†¦show more content†¦The redefinition of property not only affected the very meaning of freedom but also those entitled to enjoy it. Because economic resources, like civil rights, possessions, and land, is easily accessible, the limitations for men expanded. Nonetheless, the qualifications were still the same and in order to vote one had to be white, male, and own property. As civil rights were being expanded, it also played a role in the meaning of religious freedom. Because government were not allowed to interfere in personal matters, religious decisions were free from governmental interference. During the 18th century, the meaning of freedom has changed in so many ways. In Chapter three, we can also continue to this change. Social conditions such as the three process that occurred during the revolution also affected the meaning of freedom. The first was territorial expansion, Manifest Destiny being the underlying idea behind it, and moving westward to acquire more land meant more property could be own. It also reinforced the promise of economic opportunity given that with more land one was able to own a farm and participate in the market revolution. And with the revolution reaching its highest point, property owning qualifications for voting was eliminated and political democracy, the second process, mean â€Å"not ownership of property, but ownership of one’s self† (Foner 52). Voting was still the very meaning of freedom. However, voting was not the only definition of freedom

Pressures Faced by Businesses and Management

Question: Discuss about thePressures Faced by Businesses and Management. Answer: Introduction Organizations do not work in isolation. They interact with both internal and external environmental variables. Some environmental variables include technology, culture, political variables and legal factors, (Casadesus-Masanell Zhu, 2013). Organizational pressures can be categorized into three, market pressures, societal pressures, and technological pressures. Two of these pressures are discussed as follows: Market Pressures The market consists of many players. Some market participants include customers, competitors, and suppliers, (Naletlich, 2016). The market pressures are pressures that organizations may face in their attempts to gain a competitive advantage over their rivals. Organizations will always strive to not only keep their current clients but also attract new customers. The customers exert significant competitive pressures on the firm as they can always buy their goods from elsewhere, (Bombaridini Trebbi, 2012). In an open market where there are many buyers and many sellers, competition is a major determinant of success. The goods in these markets are also related. Hence there are a lot of substitutes, (Teeransirikool, Sienthgthai, Badir Charoenngam, 2013). Customers are, therefore, given a lot of alternatives from the market making them be able to shift quickly from purchasing from one company to another. The competitors are also great determinants of success of any business. In an open market, managers are always faced with an enormous challenge of competing with both local and international rivals, (Bombaridini Trebbi, 2012). Whenever companies are not able to bear the competition it is exposed to by the market, it may be thrown out of the market, (Bombaridini Trebbi, 2012). The managers are, therefore, pressured to devise policies that would enable them to gain customer loyalty for their products. Competition greatly relies on customer preference. If a firms products are preferred by clients, then the company may gain a competitive edge against their rivals in the market. Michael Porter outlined some factors that may make a firm to seek competitive advantage. They included the threat of entry of other companies, threat of development of alternative goods, the bargaining capability of clients and suppliers and competitive rivalry among groups, (E.Dobbs, 2014). The manager must, therefore, be aware of these factors and adjust to them appropriately to remain competitive. Technological Pressures. In the global business environment, there are a lot of technological improvements. Some of these improvements include internet marketing, social media marketing, and electronic transactions, (Garcia Colegrove, 2015). The manager must always scan the environment so as to identify any technological improvements that are relevant for the organization. Technology seeks to simplify the way business is carried out in the society, (Garcia Colegrove, 2015). Companies that use low technology in their operations may be slow and quickly thrown out of the market. Technological obsolescence is one of the leading causes of business failure. The managers are therefore pressured to come up with unique technology that other competitors do not have so as to compete favorably, (Garcia Colegrove, 2015). Innovation is a perfect way to adopting new technology. However, this may be an expensive process to managers. The company may also not be in a position to accept technological changes, making the manager to experience a lot of forces against change, from the employees. How the Manager can Alleviate the Pressures Innovation As explained by Naletelich (2016), innovation is the process of coming up with better ways of operation. It helps to solve some market-related constraints, and organization may be exposed to. Managers should always carry out a thorough environmental analysis to identify the major technological trends in the market, (Naletelich, 2016). This would enable them to determine the technological gap in the environment and fill it through innovation. Innovation is also closely linked to change. The managers should encourage creativity in the firm so as to come up with strategic changes that are technologically competent. Innovation enables firms to gain customers satisfaction. It may major on saving customers shopping time, reducing the time taken by clients in the queues before being served and coming up with unique products that have no substitutes in the market, (Garcia Colegrove, 2015). Innovation also weakens the tendency of companies to be outlaid from the market through the development of substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers and customers and new market entrants, as the company will be able to devise unique ways of operation. Formulating competitive strategies. Managers may weaken the market pressures by coming up with certain competitive strategies. Michael Porter outlined some competitive strategies. These plans included focus, differentiation and cost leadership, (Garcia Colegrove, 2015). A firm can adopt cost leadership as a way of gaining a competitive advantage against its market rivals. In this strategy, the company would sell its products at relatively lower prices than those of its competitors, (Magretta, 2013). This enables the low and middle-income families to be able to afford the goods, making them develop loyalty to the companys products. A company may also develop customer focus as a competitive strategy. In customer focus, the company practices an active market differentiation and then modifies its operations to suit a specific customer target, (Grundy, 2016). The manager may decide to focus on customer satisfaction. For low-income families, satisfaction is gained when the customers can purchase the products at lower prices and save for other purchases, (Magretta, 2013). The company may, therefore, aim at reducing the cost of its products so as to achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty. The company may also practice differentiation. In differentiation, the firm manipulates its goods and services so as to make them unique and different from the products from other businesses, (Grundy, 2016). This enables the firm to develop an efficient product positioning, as the customers will easily recognize the unique products in the market. Differentiation can also be achieved through branding, (Grundy, 2016). If a company develops a unique brand, then the clients will be able to separate this brand from other brands easily and purchase the goods provided by the corporation. Conclusion In this assignment, two pressures that an organization and the manager can be exposed to have been explained. These include market forces and technological pressures. The ways that can be utilized by the manager to weaken and solve these tensions have also been discussed. These include innovation and development of right, competitive strategies. References Bombardini, M., Trebbi, F. (2012). Competition and Political Organization: Together or Alone In Lobbying for Trade Policy? Journal of International Economics, 87(1), 18-26. Casadesus?Masanell, R., Zhu, F. (2013). Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation:The Case of Sponsor?Based Business Models. Strategic Management Journal, 34(4), 464- 482. E.Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for Applying Porter's Five Forces Framework: A Set of IndustryAnalysis Templates. Competitiveness Review, 24(1), 32-45. Garcia, M. M., Colegrove, T. (2015). Introduction to Special Section: Considerations andPotential Impacts. Bulletin of the Association for Information Science Technology, 42(1),8-11. Doi:10.1002/Bul2.2015.1720420105 Grundy, T. (2006). Rethinking and Reinventing Michael Porter's Five Forces Model. Strategic Change, 15(5), 213-229. Doi:10.1002/Jsc.764 Magretta, J. (2013). Understanding Michael Porter: The Essential Guide to Competition and Strategy. Harvard Business Press. Naletelich, K. (2016). Consumer Perceived Dimensions of Organizational Creativity andInnovativeness. Ama Winter Educators' Conference Proceedings, 27g-21-G-23 Teeratansirikool, L., Siengthai, S., Badir, Y., Charoenngam, C. (2013). Competitive Strategies Firm Performance: The Mediating Role of Performance Measurement. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(2), 168-184.

Walden by Henry David Thoreau (1817 1862) Essay Example For Students

Walden by Henry David Thoreau (1817 1862) Essay Waldenby Henry David Thoreau(1817 1862)Type of Work:Natural history essaySettingWalden Pond, Concord, Massachusetts; 1845to 1847Journal Overveiw(The summer of 1845 found Henry DavidThoreau living in a rude shack on the banks of Walden Pond. The actualproperty was owned by Ralph Waldo Emerson, the great American philosopher. Emerson had earlier published the treatise entitled Nature, and the youngThoreau was profoundly affected by its call for individuality and self-reliance. Thoreau planted a small garden, took pen and paper, and began to scribethe record of life at Walden.)Thoreaus experiment in deliberate livingbegan in March of 1845. By planting a two-and-a-half acre parcel borrowedfrom a neighbor who thought it useless, he harvested and sold enough peas,potatoes, corn, beans and turnips to build and to buy food. He purchasedan old shanty from an Irish railroad worker and tore it down. He also cuttimber from the woods surrounding Walden Pond. From the razed material,he was able to construct his cabin. He used the boards for siding and evensalvaged the nails from the original shack. We will write a custom essay on Walden by Henry David Thoreau (1817 1862) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By mid-summer, the house was ready to inhabit. Thoreau built a fireplace and chimney for heat and cooking. He plasteredthe inside walls and made sure he could comfortably survive the freezingNew England winters, Doing all the work himself and using only native material,the house cost only about twenty-eight dollars to build, less than Thoreauhad to pay for a years lodging at Harvard. But the main purpose for his experiencewas to allow time for writing, thinking, observing nature, and learningthe art of living.I went to the woods because I wished tolive deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see ifI could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discoverthat I had not lived I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrowof life Thoreau also went to Walden with the firmbelief that man was too encumbered with material things too much possessedby his belongings. He believed that a man is rich only in proportion tothe number of things he can afford to let alone. One passage from Waldentells of an auction, held to dispose of a deacon neighbors possessions. Thoreau scorned the affair, referring to the accumulations as trumpeterythat had lain for half a century in his garret and other dust holes:And now instead of a bonfire, orpurifying destruction of them, there was an auction, of increasing of them. The neighbors eagerly collected to view them, bought them all, and carefullytransported them to their garrets and dust holes, to lie there till theirestates are settled, when they will start again. When a man dies he kicksthe dust. All aspects of life for Thoreau focusedon simplicity. He ate simple meals, his diet consisting mostly of rye,Indian meal, potatoes, rice, a little pork, salt and molasses. He drankwater. On such foods he was able to live for as little as a dollar a month. The cost of a thing, he reasoned, is the amount of what I will calllife which is required to be exchanged for it, immediately or in the longrun. The naturalist seldom ate meat and never hunted. He was far too interestedin preserving the animals around the pond: Every man who has ever been earnestto preserve his higher poetic faculties in the best condition, has beenparticularly inclined to abstain from animal food, or from much food ofany kind. .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 , .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 .postImageUrl , .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 , .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227:hover , .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227:visited , .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227:active { border:0!important; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227:active , .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227 .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u239fe5516f7f69b694223867c5aa7227:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Osage Orange Tree - Peer Pressure EssayHe did eat fish, but considered his timetoo valuable to spend merely fishing for food. And by following this Spartanideology, Thoreau was left free to pursue which to him were the importantaspects of life; namely, observing, pondering, reading, and writing. In warm evenings I frequently sat in theboat playing the flute, and saw perch, which I seem to haze charged, loweringaround me, and the moon traveling over the ribbed bottom, which was strewnwith the wrecks of the forest. While at Walden, Thoreau lived quite independentlyof time. He used neither clock nor calendar free to study the local plants,birds and animals: Time is but the stream I go-a fishing in. I drink atit; but while I drink I see the sandy bottom and detect how shallow itis.The only thing that reminded Thoreau ofthe hectic lives of others was the whistle of the Finchburg Railway trainthat passed